The descendants of the Gaidamak Cossacks, one of the tribes under Khmelnytsky's leadership, were also among the perpetrators of the Petruskov pogrom.Always use IsThereAnyDeal to assess the best game prices (ignore the erroneous Microsoft Store entry, which is for a different game)!
COSSACKS VODKA SERIES
In the collective Jewish memory, however, he is remembered as the Cossack leader of an earlier series of pogroms that killed tens of thousands of Jews. In Ukraine, Khmelnytsky is a national hero, for the revolt he led in the 17th century against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth that then ruled Ukraine. In 1954, the city of Proskurov was renamed Khmelnytsky, in honor of the 300th anniversary of a treaty negotiated by Bohdan Khmelnytsky with Russia.
But Veidlinger reports how, in 1922, the Soviet Commissariat of Nationality Affairs counted a total of 1,200 pogroms in total having taken place during the preceding five years, with a little over 100,000 victims killed. Proskurov may have been the worst of this wave of pogroms, in terms of numbers.
From there, they went on to nearby Filshtein, where they killed an approximate 600 of the town’s 1,900 Jews, this time without any restrictions on robbery, or rape either. Over the next few hours, Semosenko’s troops murdered some 1,500 Jews (estimates vary) in Proskurov. Ten days before the the violence broke out, the head of the Zaporog brigade of Cossacks from the Ukrainian Republican Army, named Semosenko, received intelligence that Bolsheviks were planning a revolt against the local government. Symon Petlura, head of the Directorate of Ukraine from early 1919: Argument still rages over whether he tried to protect the Jews or actively participated in their persecution. In 1921, Elias Heifetz, the American chairman of the All-Ukrainian Relief Committee for the Victims of Pogroms, published a report that detailed the unfolding of the slaughter there. Proskurov was a city of some 50,000 residents, about half of whom were Jews. Some blamed them, writes Veidlinger, “for the communist onslaught, some blamed the Jews for the war some blamed the Jews for the economic collapse, and others blamed the Jews simply for being Jews.” “Each time authority broke down in the urban centers, nationalist fighters, criminal brigands, and disgruntled mobs took advantage of the power vacuum to loot Jewish property and vent their frustrations on Jewish civilians,” wrote historian Jeffrey Veidlinger, in his 2013 book “ In the Shadow of the Shtetl: Small-Town Jewish Life in Soviet Ukraine.”Įveryone had his own reason to hate the Jews. ( Sholom Schwartzbard, who assassinated him in Paris in 1926, held the latter opinion: He held Petlura personally responsible for the murder of 14 members of his extended family during this period.) Petlura is a controversial character in Jewish history, and there is disagreement as to whether he tried to protect the Jews of his land, or was an active participant in their persecution. In early 1919, Symon Petlura became head of the Directorate of Ukraine, a provisional revolutionary government. As has often happened in history, the Jews were caught in the middle, with the various sides projecting onto them the attributes that they most hated in their enemies. The murderous attacks, carried out by Cossacks who were instructed to kill as many as possible, at the same time they were told not to touch any valuables, took place against the chaotic background of Ukraine’s civil war, which followed the Russian Revolution and the end of World War I. Wikimedia Commonsįebruary 15, 1919, was the first day of a three-day pogrom in the Ukrainian city of Proskurov, in which some 1,500 Jewish residents of the town were killed.ġ990: A microbiologist who photographed the anti-Semitism of Europe diesġ980: A woman who thought what Moscow needed is Hebrew theater diesġ936: A Jewish medical student murders a Swiss Nazi leader A main street in Khmelnytsky, known until 1954 as Proskurov, where in 1919, Cossacks were told to kill as many Jews as possible, but not to touch their property.
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